Animal data, with a paper trail.

References and classification notes for 319 researched species in the photo catalog; 300 currently have an enabled full-body photograph. Collection expanded and research reviewed on November 6, 2026; historical taxonomy and source limitations are noted per species. These broad filters help you discover animals; they are not a complete ecological or taxonomic database.

How the filters are defined

lion

Panthera leo

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia
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tiger

Panthera tigris

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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leopard

Panthera pardus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Desert, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia

Head-body length 91–191 cm crosses the 100 cm boundary; tail is excluded.

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jaguar

Panthera onca

Habitat
Forest, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America
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cheetah

Acinonyx jubatus

Habitat
Grassland, Desert
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia
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snow leopard

Panthera uncia

Habitat
Mountains, Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Head-body length 90–120 cm crosses the 100 cm boundary. ADW uses the older genus name Uncia.

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cougar

Puma concolor

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Desert, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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gray wolf

Canis lupus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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red fox

Vulpes vulpes

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Desert, Mountains, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America, Africa
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arctic fox

Vulpes lagopus

Habitat
Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America
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fennec fox

Vulpes zerda

Habitat
Desert
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia
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coyote

Canis latrans

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert, Mountains, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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African wild dog

Lycaon pictus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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brown bear

Ursus arctos

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains, Tundra
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, North America
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polar bear

Ursus maritimus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Europe, Asia, North America
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giant panda

Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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red panda

Ailurus fulgens

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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sea otter

Enhydra lutris

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Asia, North America
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walrus

Odobenus rosmarus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, North America, Europe, Asia
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African elephant

Loxodonta africana

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa

Uses the African savanna-elephant concept; older source prose also includes rainforest elephants now separated as Loxodonta cyclotis.

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Asian elephant

Elephas maximus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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chimpanzee

Pan troglodytes

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa
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koala

Phascolarctos cinereus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania
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platypus

Ornithorhynchus anatinus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania
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giant anteater

Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America
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capybara

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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meerkat

Suricata suricatta

Habitat
Desert, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa
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moose

Alces alces

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Freshwater, Tundra, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, North America
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donkey

Equus africanus asinus

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania

This catalog entry is a domestic donkey. Regions describe established domestic distribution; they are not a claim of native wild donkey range. Habitats include human-managed grazing settings.

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bottlenose dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

Global temperate/tropical marine distribution is represented by Oceans rather than assigning terrestrial continents.

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orca

Orcinus orca

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Antarctica

Worldwide marine range is represented by Oceans; Antarctic waters are explicitly documented.

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humpback whale

Megaptera novaeangliae

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Antarctica

The catalog uses an outdated/incorrect genus combination; the source account identifies the humpback whale as Megaptera novaeangliae. World-ocean range is represented by Oceans; Antarctic waters are explicitly documented.

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lemur

Lemur catta

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa

Perth Zoo gives body length 39–46 cm; the ADW structured length field incorrectly labels this range in mm.

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wolverine

Gulo gulo

Habitat
Forest, Tundra, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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bobcat

Lynx rufus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Desert, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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bald eagle

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater, Ocean & coast, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America
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golden eagle

Aquila chrysaetos

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Mountains, Tundra, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
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peregrine falcon

Falco peregrinus

Habitat
Grassland, Mountains, Tundra, Urban & farmland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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snowy owl

Bubo scandiacus

Habitat
Tundra, Grassland, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

The source uses the historical name Nyctea scandiaca. Adult body length is 63–73 cm; wingspan is not used for size.

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flamingo

Phoenicopterus roseus

Habitat
Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Adult source length range 80–150 cm crosses the 100 cm boundary. Mixed animal/algal food is treated as omnivory. Excludes erroneous/unspecified South American records from an older ADW account.

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king penguin

Aptenodytes patagonicus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, South America, Oceania

Subantarctic breeding islands are not mainland Antarctica; the broad ocean filter covers Southern Ocean range. ADW adult length 85–95 cm is below the 100 cm boundary.

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emu

Dromaius novaehollandiae

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Oceania
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mallard

Anas platyrhynchos

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America

Native Northern Hemisphere range is used; introduced Southern Hemisphere populations are excluded. Adult body length 50–65 cm is distinguished from wingspan.

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Atlantic puffin

Fratercula arctica

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, North America, World oceans
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great blue heron

Ardea herodias

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America
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European robin

Erithacus rubecula

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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raven

Corvus corax

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Desert, Mountains, Tundra, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
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kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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pigeon

Columba livia

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Region uses original wild rock-dove range, excluding introduced worldwide feral populations; urban habitat retains the familiar feral form.

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magpie

Pica pica

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia, Europe
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turkey

Meleagris gallopavo

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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chicken

Gallus gallus domesticus

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania

Domestic chicken: inhabited-continent distribution is domestic, not a claim of native wild status. ADW source describes ancestor Gallus gallus; breed-dependent adult size/habitat needs domestic-specific refinement.

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osprey

Pandion haliaetus

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania
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Komodo dragon

Varanus komodoensis

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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saltwater crocodile

Crocodylus porosus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia, Oceania, World oceans
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American alligator

Alligator mississippiensis

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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green sea turtle

Chelonia mydas

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

Adult green turtles are primarily herbivorous; juveniles are more omnivorous. Region is world oceans, rather than inferring a continental range from nesting beaches.

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loggerhead sea turtle

Caretta caretta

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

Adult length approximately 85–100 cm and larger animals reaches both medium and large bins. Mainly animal diet; occasional plant food does not change the principal carnivore classification.

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king cobra

Ophiophagus hannah

Habitat
Forest, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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green anaconda

Eunectes murinus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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frilled lizard

Chlamydosaurus kingii

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania
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gharial

Gavialis gangeticus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Gila monster

Heloderma suspectum

Habitat
Desert
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America
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axolotl

Ambystoma mexicanum

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America
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red-eyed tree frog

Agalychnis callidryas

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, South America
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Chinese giant salamander

Andrias davidianus

Habitat
Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Uses adult total length, including the tail. The historic Chinese giant salamander complex contains several recently recognized species; this record follows the catalog name rather than assigning all modern Chinese species the same range.

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olm

Proteus anguinus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe
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African clawed frog

Xenopus laevis

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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tiger salamander

Ambystoma tigrinum

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America
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whale shark

Rhincodon typus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

Zooplankton and small animals are animal food, so a filter-feeding shark is not classified as a herbivore. Oceans denotes its circumglobal tropical marine range.

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ocean sunfish

Mola mola

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

Classified from the account narrative and FishBase animal-prey diet, not the inconsistent herbivore label in the older ADW account. Oceans denotes its temperate and tropical marine range.

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rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, World oceans

Includes resident rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead habitats. Regions exclude worldwide introduced populations. Typical adults are medium; documented adults can exceed 1 m.

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arapaima

Arapaima gigas

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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guppy

Poecilia reticulata

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, South America

Native South American mainland and Caribbean populations are grouped geographically as South America and North America; introduced mosquito-control and aquarium populations are excluded.

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pike

Esox lucius

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, Europe, Asia
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monarch butterfly

Danaus plexippus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, South America

Adult body length is approximately 3.2 cm in the cited measurement study; the much larger wingspan is not substituted. Native Americas only; later overseas populations are not treated as the original range.

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praying mantis

Mantis religiosa

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Africa, Asia
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cuttlefish

Sepia officinalis

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

Size uses mantle length, not extended feeding tentacles; documented adult mantles are within the medium band.

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coconut crab

Birgus latro

Habitat
Forest, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia, Africa, Oceania

Adult coconut crabs are terrestrial on tropical coasts and coastal forests; larvae develop at sea. Size uses carapace length (approximately 5–20 cm), not the 1 m leg span.

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vampire squid

Vampyroteuthis infernalis

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Detritivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans

MBARI research supersedes older speculative carnivory in ADW: the main diet is marine snow (detritus), with some small zooplankton. Size excludes the long retractile feeding filaments.

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crown-of-thorns starfish

Acanthaster planci

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans

Size uses adult arm-tip diameter (usually 25–35 cm), not the much smaller central disc. Older Indo-Pacific records refer to a species complex; use Oceans without assigning every historic record to the narrowly defined species.

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common octopus

Octopus vulgaris

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

Size refers to mantle/body scale rather than fully extended arms. Older worldwide records include cryptic species; Europe and Africa reflect the eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean core range, not the older Japanese record.

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giant African land snail

Lissachatina fulica

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa

The cited ADW account uses the older name Achatina fulica. Native East African range only; introduced populations elsewhere are excluded. Size refers to the adult shell/body, not a juvenile.

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Gray-headed Chachalaca

Ortalis cinereiceps

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Length is from an institutional reference account; habitat/native range from AOS and dietary composition from the SAviTraits author dataset.

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Variegated Tinamou

Crypturellus variegatus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
South America
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Solitary Tinamou

Tinamus solitarius

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
South America
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Common Nighthawk

Chordeiles minor

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America
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Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse

Pterocles exustus

Habitat
Desert, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse

Pterocles gutturalis

Habitat
Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa
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Black-bellied Sandgrouse

Pterocles orientalis

Habitat
Desert, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Sand Lizard

Lacerta agilis

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Black Rock Skink

Egernia saxatilis

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania

Rock-crevice species in wooded mountain/outcrop landscapes. Diet includes seasonally significant plant food; E. s. saxatilis diet is incompletely known, whereas E. s. intermedia omnivory is documented.

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Common Five-lined Skink

Plestiodon fasciatus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

ADW text uses historical synonym Eumeces fasciatus; source range length 12.7–21.6 cm supports medium.

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Viviparous Lizard

Zootoca vivipara

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

Wildlife Trusts total adult length 10–15 cm is used. ADW gives 50–77 mm under total length, apparently confusing head-body and total measures.

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Black Banded Gecko

Coleonyx fasciatus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Uncertain — see species notes
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Klauber (1945), p.183 records an adult male with 58.5 mm head-body and 53 mm regenerated tail: 111.5 mm total. This supports a medium adult specimen, not a complete population range. Wild diet remains unverified: the author-published ReptTraits v1-2 row has Diet=NA and no diet source. diets is deliberately unknown, rather than copied from related species.

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Chameleon Gecko

Carphodactylus laevis

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania

Museum/government rainforest range and body size support medium; feeding evidence includes direct captive arthropod-feeding observations, not a quantified wild diet.

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Tyrrhenian Wall Lizard

Podarcis tiliguerta

Habitat
Grassland, Mountains, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe
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Archey's Frog

Leiopelma archeyi

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Oceania
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Yellow-bellied Toad

Bombina variegata

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe
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Long-Tailed Clawed Salamander

Onychodactylus fischeri

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia

Modern AMNH range is restricted to the Russian Far East and adjacent northeastern North Korea, not all older East Asian records. Size uses total adult length (head-body plus tail) from Poyarkov et al. 2012; the species natural-history account on pp. 36–37 reports a diet of aquatic and mainly terrestrial insects and millipedes.

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Northern Spectacled Salamander

Salamandrina perspicillata

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

Documented adult total lengths of 9.2–13.3 cm span the small/medium boundary; snout–vent measurements alone are shorter.

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Southern Torrent Salamander

Rhyacotriton variegatus

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Adult total length is 7.5–11.5 cm and therefore spans small and medium. The shorter snout–vent length is not substituted for total length.

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Lorestan Newt

Neurergus kaiseri

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia

ADW identifies invertebrates as the main food but notes that exact wild prey are poorly studied; no precise species-level prey list is implied.

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Reedfish

Erpetoichthys calabaricus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa

FishBase lists worms, crustaceans and insects; adult diet is treated as carnivorous despite an older ADW omnivore description. FishBase regards an old 90 cm claim as erroneous; documented maximum is about 37 cm standard length.

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White Sturgeon

Acipenser transmontanus

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, World oceans
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Lake Sturgeon

Acipenser fulvescens

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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Indo-Pacific Tarpon

Megalops cyprinoides

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Africa, Asia, Oceania
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Western Sea Bristletail

Petrobius brevistylis

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe

A terrestrial coastal insect above the high-tide line; Ocean is used for the coastal category, not to imply that adults live submerged. Size excludes antennae and tail bristles. Original northern European range only.

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Firebrat

Thermobia domestica

Habitat
Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Uncertain — see species notes

The native origin is uncertain and disputed in the 2024 taxonomic revision, so regions is deliberately empty. Present cosmopolitan indoor occurrences are not substituted for a proven native range.

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Large Dark Olive

Baetis rhodani

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Non-feeding adults
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Adults have non-functional mouthparts and do not feed; larval algae/detritus feeding is not substituted for adult diet. Size excludes long tail bristles; freshwater/wetland tags describe breeding sites and adult riverbank surroundings.

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Pale Watery

Baetis fuscatus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Non-feeding adults
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Adults have non-functional mouthparts and do not feed; larval algae/detritus feeding is not substituted for adult diet. Size excludes long tail bristles; freshwater/wetland tags describe breeding sites and adult riverbank surroundings.

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Bicolored webspinner

Haploembia solieri

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

Native Mediterranean range only; introduced western North American populations are excluded. Herbal/algal and detrital feeding is supported by the ecology review; exact habitats are simplified from ground galleries under stones and logs.

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Pond Olive

Cloeon dipterum

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Non-feeding adults
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

Adult mayflies do not feed; larval grazing is not presented as an adult diet. The origin of North American populations is debated in the cited primary literature, so North America is conservatively omitted.

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European Green Drake

Ephemera danica

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Non-feeding adults
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe

Adults have non-functional mouthparts and do not feed; larval algae/detritus feeding is not substituted for adult diet. Size excludes long tail bristles; freshwater/wetland tags describe breeding sites and adult riverbank surroundings.

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Shore Earwig

Labidura riparia

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe

Sandy shores and riverbanks are included under Ocean/coast and wetlands. The recording scheme explicitly supports native central/southern Europe; records outside that range may be native or introduced and are not treated as a complete original-range map.

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German Cockroach

Blattella germanica

Habitat
Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Asia

Size is 13–16 mm, cross-checked with Michigan State University; the older ADW centimetre value is a unit error. Asia reflects the supported ancestral origin rather than present worldwide indoor distribution.

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American Cockroach

Periplaneta americana

Habitat
Urban & farmland, Forest
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Africa

Despite the common name, the cited account places its origin in Africa. Present introduced worldwide populations are excluded.

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Thinlip Mullet

Chelon ramada

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

Adults feed on algae, detritus and small organisms and migrate between coastal, estuarine and lower freshwater habitats. Ocean/coast includes brackish estuaries.

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Alligator Gar

Atractosteus spatula

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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Common Fish Louse

Argulus foliaceus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Uncertain — see species notes

ADW reports occurrence in Europe, Central Asia and North America but does not establish native versus introduced origin. Native-region tags are deliberately left uncertain. Adult total length is 3–7 mm; this blood-feeding parasite is classified as carnivorous.

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Castor Bean Tick

Ixodes ricinus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Africa

Blood-feeding is grouped as carnivory. Size is body length, not leg span. Regions conservatively follow the explicit Europe/North Africa ECDC range.

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Saddleback Harvestman

Mitopus morio

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains, Tundra
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia, North America, Africa

Body size excludes legs. Broad habitat and dietary tags simplify documented field records and the woodland nutrition study; the species complex and geographic forms vary.

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European Harvestman

Phalangium opilio

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Body size excludes the approximately 5 cm leg span. Omnivory includes small invertebrates plus scavenged plant/fungal material. Introduced New Zealand populations are not included.

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House Pseudoscorpion

Chelifer cancroides

Habitat
Urban & farmland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, North America

Size excludes pedipalps. Synanthropic cosmopolitan distribution is not a precise reconstructed original range; Europe and North America are documented core/type-locality and native-record regions, with other origins unresolved.

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Pacific Purple Sea Urchin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans

Size uses test diameter excluding spines: commonly 50 mm and occasionally 100 mm, crossing the 10 cm threshold. Native marine range is the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico.

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Purple-brown Urchin

Arbacia punctulata

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
World oceans

Size uses the documented 3–5 cm test diameter, excluding spines. Algae and other attached organisms are mapped to omnivore. Region is the western Atlantic marine range.

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Moon jellyfish

Aurelia aurita

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans

Size uses the adult bell diameter (10–35 cm), excluding tentacles. Historical worldwide moon-jelly records contain a species complex, so only Oceans is assigned as a broad region.

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Beadlet anemone

Actinia equina

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

Size uses the contracted body/base diameter, excluding extended tentacles. Rocky intertidal coasts are included under Ocean.

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Hippopotamus

Hippopotamus amphibius

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Giraffe

Giraffa camelopardalis

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Raccoon

Procyon lotor

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Uses North America including Central America for the native raccoon range; old ADW wording extends into northern South America where current Procyon taxonomy requires caution.

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American black bear

Ursus americanus

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Mountains
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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Sperm whale

Physeter macrocephalus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans

ADW uses the older synonym Physeter catodon. Global marine distribution is represented by Oceans rather than inferring a terrestrial continent range.

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Honey badger

Mellivora capensis

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia
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White rhinoceros

Ceratotherium simum

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Virginia opossum

Didelphis virginiana

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America
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Western gorilla

Gorilla gorilla

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Eastern gray squirrel

Sciurus carolinensis

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

ADW classifies the regular plant foods and summer insect foods as omnivory; predominantly plant-based feeding does not mean exclusively herbivorous.

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Eastern gorilla

Gorilla beringei

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Least weasel

Mustela nivalis

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America, Africa
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European badger

Meles meles

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

European/western Asian badgers are intended, excluding Japanese and other eastern Asian species. The Mammal Society reports body lengths up to 100 cm, so the threshold is shared by medium and large.

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House mouse

Mus musculus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Region describes the inferred native Eurasian range; worldwide human-assisted introductions are excluded. Adult head-body length is 65–95 mm, excluding the tail.

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Eurasian lynx

Lynx lynx

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Red squirrel

Sciurus vulgaris

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Stoat

Mustela erminea

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Tundra, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America
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Caracal

Caracal caracal

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia

The Mammalian Species account reports head-body lengths 61–106 cm, excluding the tail, crossing the 100 cm threshold. Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Red deer

Cervus elaphus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

Red deer excludes the separately catalogued elk/wapiti; the native range includes North Africa, Europe and western Asia.

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African buffalo

Syncerus caffer

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Wetland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Aardvark

Orycteropus afer

Habitat
Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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European wildcat

Felis silvestris

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

Uses the current European-wildcat concept, excluding Afro-Asiatic Felis lybica covered by older combined accounts.

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Serval

Leptailurus serval

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa

Cat Specialist Group body length 59–100 cm includes the boundary at 100 cm; many other accounts give an upper bound of 92 cm. Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Golden jackal

Canis aureus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

African golden wolves are excluded from the golden jackal range following the 2015 genomic species split; some older accounts retain the African range.

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European rabbit

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Africa
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Bonobo

Pan paniscus

Habitat
Forest, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa

San Diego Zoo gives whole-body/head-trunk length 70–80 cm; standing height is not used as body length. Diet is mostly fruit, but the account documents invertebrates and vertebrates; the omnivore label describes the mixture rather than equal animal/plant proportions.

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Okapi

Okapia johnstoni

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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American bison

Bison bison

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America
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European pine marten

Martes martes

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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European bison

Bison bonasus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe
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Impala

Aepyceros melampus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Tasmanian devil

Sarcophilus harrisii

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Oceania
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Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America
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Jungle cat

Felis chaus

Habitat
Wetland, Grassland, Forest, Desert
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Head-body length is 58–76 cm in the Cat Specialist Group account, excluding tail; the broader ADW length includes a different measurement convention.

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Pallas's cat

Otocolobus manul

Habitat
Grassland, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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Asian black bear

Ursus thibetanus

Habitat
Forest, Mountains
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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European hare

Lepus europaeus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Narwhal

Monodon monoceros

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, North America, Europe, Asia
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Dhole

Cuon alpinus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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European fallow deer

Dama dama

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia
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Beluga whale

Delphinapterus leucas

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, North America, Europe, Asia
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Muskox

Ovibos moschatus

Habitat
Tundra
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

North America includes Greenland. Introduced Eurasian populations are excluded.

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Black rhinoceros

Diceros bicornis

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Sand cat

Felis margarita

Habitat
Desert
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia
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Chamois

Rupicapra rupicapra

Habitat
Mountains, Forest, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia
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Leopard cat

Prionailurus bengalensis

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia

Cat Specialist Group head-body length 45–65 cm is used; the ADW range-length maximum contains a unit/data-entry error. Sunda leopard cats are not intended by this entry.

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Eurasian beaver

Castor fiber

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

The Wildlife Trusts reports body length 70–100 cm; the 100 cm endpoint belongs to the large bin while smaller adults belong to medium. Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Clouded leopard

Neofelis nebulosa

Habitat
Forest, Mountains, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Head-body length 69–108 cm crosses the 100 cm boundary; ADW total length is not treated as body length.

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European hedgehog

Erinaceus europaeus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

Uses the western European-hedgehog concept; eastern European and Asian hedgehog species are not intended.

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Guanaco

Lama guanicoe

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Mountains, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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Common raccoon dog

Nyctereutes procyonoides

Habitat
Forest, Mountains, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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Dugong

Dugong dugon

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, Africa, Asia, Oceania
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Elk

Cervus canadensis

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia, North America

Elk/wapiti is treated separately from Cervus elaphus; native regions are Asia and North America, not the full range of older combined red-deer accounts.

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Brown rat

Rattus norvegicus

Habitat
Urban & farmland, Forest, Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia

Region describes the native Asian range, not the modern worldwide introduced distribution.

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Iberian lynx

Lynx pardinus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

Head-body length 65–92 cm from the Cat Specialist Group is used rather than the longer ADW combined measurement.

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Sun bear

Helarctos malayanus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Saiga antelope

Saiga tatarica

Habitat
Grassland, Desert
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

Europe includes the native range west of the Ural boundary in Kalmykia; Asian steppe populations are also included.

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Vicuña

Vicugna vicugna

Habitat
Grassland, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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Spotted hyena

Crocuta crocuta

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Forest, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Indian rhinoceros

Rhinoceros unicornis

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Rhesus macaque

Macaca mulatta

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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Canada lynx

Lynx canadensis

Habitat
Forest, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Nutria

Myocastor coypus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
South America
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American mink

Neogale vison

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

ADW uses the older genus Neovison. Introduced populations outside North America are excluded from the region filter.

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Blackbuck

Antilope cervicapra

Habitat
Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Springbok

Antidorcas marsupialis

Habitat
Grassland, Desert
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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Fishing cat

Prionailurus viverrinus

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia
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Wild goat

Capra aegagrus

Habitat
Mountains, Grassland, Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Wild goat, not domestic goat. Wild native range and habitat are checked against IUCN. The published species-size comparison reports adult total length around 150 cm; this is well above the 100 cm bin boundary even after excluding the short tail. The ADW domestic-goat account supplies related ecological context only.

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Sika deer

Cervus nippon

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountains, Wetland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Reported adult body-length range spans the 100 cm boundary, so both medium and large filters apply.

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Sumatran rhinoceros

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Mountains
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Harbor seal

Phoca vitulina

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans, North America, Europe, Asia
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Alpine ibex

Capra ibex

Habitat
Mountains, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe

Alpine ibex is restricted to Europe; the older ADW account combines a broader ibex concept. Range checked against IUCN.

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Spectacled bear

Tremarctos ornatus

Habitat
Forest, Mountains, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America
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Sloth bear

Melursus ursinus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Common ostrich

Struthio camelus

Habitat
Grassland, Desert
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa
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House sparrow

Passer domesticus

Habitat
Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Common blackbird

Turdus merula

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Eurasian golden oriole

Oriolus oriolus

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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White wagtail

Motacilla alba

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
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Common starling

Sturnus vulgaris

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Eurasian jay

Garrulus glandarius

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Grey heron

Ardea cinerea

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Great tit

Parus major

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Adult body length is 14 cm, excluding wingspan; seasonal plant and animal foods are grouped as omnivory.

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Barn swallow

Hirundo rustica

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania

Includes regular non-breeding Micronesian range within Oceania; excludes introduced populations.

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White stork

Ciconia ciconia

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Great cormorant

Phalacrocorax carbo

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania
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Common kestrel

Falco tinnunculus

Habitat
Grassland, Desert, Urban & farmland, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Eurasian sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Greylag goose

Anser anser

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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European goldfinch

Carduelis carduelis

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Western barn owl

Tyto alba

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Uses Western Barn Owl Tyto alba after the 2024 species split: Europe, Africa and western Asia. Excludes the Americas (Tyto furcata) and eastern Asia/Australasia (Tyto javanica), despite the older broad ADW account.

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Eurasian coot

Fulica atra

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania
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Common crane

Grus grus

Habitat
Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Rook

Corvus frugilegus

Habitat
Grassland, Urban & farmland, Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia, Europe
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Northern pintail

Anas acuta

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
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Northern lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

Habitat
Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Eurasian tree sparrow

Passer montanus

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Black kite

Milvus migrans

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania
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Common nightingale

Luscinia megarhynchos

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe
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Indian peafowl

Pavo cristatus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia

Adult reported lengths 86–212 cm include the male train; medium/large retain sexual differences. Native Asian range is used, excluding captive/introduced records and misleading Congo wording in an older account.

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Eurasian bullfinch

Pyrrhula pyrrhula

Habitat
Forest
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia, Europe
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Little grebe

Tachybaptus ruficollis

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania
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Adder

Vipera berus

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Grass snake

Natrix natrix

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

Uses Natrix natrix, distinct from British Natrix helvetica. Adult male 60–70 cm and female 80–100 cm; the documented range crosses the 100 cm boundary.

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Common slow worm

Anguis fragilis

Habitat
Forest, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe
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Leatherback sea turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans
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Boa constrictor

Boa constrictor

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America
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Hawksbill sea turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans
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Mugger crocodile

Crocodylus palustris

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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Smooth snake

Coronella austriaca

Habitat
Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Asia, Europe
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European pond turtle

Emys orbicularis

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Africa, Asia, Europe

Catalog scientificName is misspelled: correct taxon is Emys orbicularis. Identified by stable id and common name. ADW shell length 12–38 cm is the size measure for this turtle.

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Marine iguana

Amblyrhynchus cristatus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America, World oceans

Galapagos marine-algal herbivore. Conservation account gives average length 0.7 m and maximum 1.5 m, supporting both medium and large bins.

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Fire salamander

Salamandra salamandra

Habitat
Forest, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

European native range is used conservatively; older ADW North African and Middle Eastern records include populations now assigned to other fire-salamander species.

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Common toad

Bufo bufo

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

Adult body lengths of approximately 8–13 cm span small and medium. Native region tags are broad continental groupings rather than every historic member of the common-toad complex.

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Common frog

Rana temporaria

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater, Mountains, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Size follows common adult body lengths rather than outlier records; habitat tags include terrestrial adult habitats and freshwater breeding sites.

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Marsh frog

Pelophylax ridibundus

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

Native Europe/Asia only, excluding released British populations. Adult body length varies and can reach 13–15 cm, spanning small and medium.

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Smooth newt

Lissotriton vulgaris

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater, Urban & farmland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia

Adult total length is commonly 6–10 cm; published adults can be approximately 11 cm, so both small and medium apply. Includes terrestrial habitats and freshwater breeding sites.

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Common carp

Cyprinus carpio

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

Native European/Asian range is taken from FishBase rather than treating its introduced worldwide distribution as native. Adult lengths commonly 30–60 cm but documented larger individuals cross 1 m.

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European eel

Anguilla anguilla

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Africa, World oceans

Freshwater and ocean habitats reflect the catadromous life cycle. The core feeding stages are carnivorous; reproductive migrants stop feeding. Sargasso spawning waters are grouped as Oceans, not a North American terrestrial range.

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Tench

Tinca tinca

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Burbot

Lota lota

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

The catalog follows the broad Holarctic burbot treatment; some sources separate North American/eastern Siberian populations as Lota maculosa. Typical adults are medium, with larger adults exceeding 1 m.

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Electric eel

Electrophorus electricus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
South America

The older ADW account predates separation of E. voltai and E. varii; the broad habitat tags and South American region remain valid, while no precise modern basin-wide range is claimed.

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Common roach

Rutilus rutilus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia
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Grass carp

Ctenopharyngodon idella

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Asia
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European seabass

Dicentrarchus labrax

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Africa, World oceans
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Siamese fighting fish

Betta splendens

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Asia

Wild native range and feeding on insect larvae/zooplankton follow FishBase; worldwide aquarium trade is not treated as a native range. Cultivated long-finned varieties are not used to define body size.

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Basking shark

Cetorhinus maximus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
World oceans
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red admiral

Vanessa atalanta

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, Europe, Asia, Africa

Adult nectar, sap and fruit feeding is treated as herbivory; occasional animal-derived supplementary fluids do not change the main diet category. Size refers to body, not wingspan; introduced New Zealand populations are excluded.

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Stag beetle

Lucanus cervus

Habitat
Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Adult sap feeding is herbivory; wood-feeding larvae are a different life stage. Adult length remains below 10 cm; the larger 11 cm larval length is not used.

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Helix pomatia

Helix pomatia

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe

Size uses shell height/diameter (about 3.8–5 cm). Only the native European range is included, not introduced North American populations.

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Painted Lady

Vanessa cardui

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Desert, Mountains, Tundra, Wetland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa

Adult body length is approximately 2.1 cm in the cited measurement study; wingspan values are not substituted. This highly migratory butterfly has a broad wild range.

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Scarce swallowtail

Iphiclides podalirius

Habitat
Grassland, Forest, Mountains, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Asia

Body size excludes the 6–9 cm wingspan. North African/Iberian populations assigned by modern sources to Iphiclides feisthamelii are excluded from the region tags.

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Noble crayfish

Astacus astacus

Habitat
Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore, Detritivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm, Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

Size uses total body length, not carapace length; adults around 8 cm and larger individuals above 10 cm span small/medium. Native Europe only; introduced western Asian/North African populations are excluded.

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Common lobster

Homarus gammarus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

The usual adult length is about 50 cm, so size is medium; exceptional maximum-size claims are not used as typical size. Marine Biological Association BIOTIC describes omnivory and scavenging.

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mourning cloak

Nymphalis antiopa

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Urban & farmland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
North America, Europe, Asia

Adult sap/fruit feeding is herbivory. Size refers to the body, not wingspan. Broad native Holarctic range excludes occasional vagrants beyond the core range.

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Emperor dragonfly

Anax imperator

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Small · under 10 cm
Region
Europe, Africa, Asia

Adult body length is approximately 7.6–7.8 cm, not the larger wingspan. Adults prey on insects; freshwater habitat denotes the breeding/larval environment and associated adult foraging sites.

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Norway Lobster

Nephrops norvegicus

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
World oceans, Europe, Africa

Size uses total body length (normally 18–20 cm), not carapace length; diet is mainly crustaceans and other marine invertebrates. Oceans includes its northeast Atlantic/Mediterranean seabed range.

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American black duck

Anas rubripes

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Wood duck

Aix sponsa

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Tufted duck

Aythya fuligula

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Redhead

Aythya americana

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Canvasback

Aythya valisineria

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Common goldeneye

Bucephala clangula

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Bufflehead

Bucephala albeola

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Common merganser

Mergus merganser

Habitat
Freshwater, Forest, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Red-breasted merganser

Mergus serrator

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Hooded merganser

Lophodytes cucullatus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Greater white-fronted goose

Anser albifrons

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland, Tundra
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Snow goose

Anser caerulescens

Habitat
Wetland, Grassland, Tundra
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Trumpeter swan

Cygnus buccinator

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Common moorhen

Gallinula chloropus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

The older ADW account includes American populations now generally separated as Gallinula galeata; this record uses the Old World species range.

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American coot

Fulica americana

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Killdeer

Charadrius vociferus

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Semipalmated plover

Charadrius semipalmatus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Wetland, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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American avocet

Recurvirostra americana

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Long-billed curlew

Numenius americanus

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Greater yellowlegs

Tringa melanoleuca

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Lesser yellowlegs

Tringa flavipes

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Common sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Spotted sandpiper

Actitis macularius

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Sanderling

Calidris alba

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Wetland, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Dunlin

Calidris alpina

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Wetland, Tundra
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America

The source lists both invertebrate feeding and seed eating; the broad discovery tag is omnivore.

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Ruddy turnstone

Arenaria interpres

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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European herring gull

Larus argentatus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe

ADW uses a broader historical herring-gull concept. This European herring gull record excludes the separately recognised American herring gull.

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Great black-backed gull

Larus marinus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Ring-billed gull

Larus delawarensis

Habitat
Freshwater, Ocean & coast, Urban & farmland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Common gull

Larus canus

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater, Grassland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

ADW includes the historical North American mew-gull population. This record excludes Larus brachyrhynchus and uses the Eurasian common gull range.

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Arctic tern

Sterna paradisaea

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater, Tundra
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Antarctica, World oceans

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Black tern

Chlidonias niger

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Magnificent frigatebird

Fregata magnificens

Habitat
Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Uncertain — see species notes
Region
North America, South America

ADW reports inconsistent body-length and wingspan ranges. Adult size is deliberately left uncertain rather than treating possible wingspan values as body length. The American tropical coastal range includes breeding populations in both North and South America.

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Snowy egret

Egretta thula

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Tricolored heron

Egretta tricolor

Habitat
Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Green heron

Butorides virescens

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Black-crowned night heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Scarlet ibis

Eudocimus ruber

Habitat
Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Wood stork

Mycteria americana

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Black stork

Ciconia nigra

Habitat
Forest, Wetland, Freshwater, Mountains
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Canada goose

Branta canadensis

Habitat
Grassland, Wetland, Freshwater
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Whooper swan

Cygnus cygnus

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
Europe, Asia

Adult diet tags reflect mainly aquatic vegetation; young birds also eat small invertebrates.

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Common tern

Sterna hirundo

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Forster's tern

Sterna forsteri

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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American white pelican

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Great egret

Ardea alba

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m, Large · 1 m or more
Region
North America

The cited ADW account describes North American populations; the region tag reflects that account and is not a complete global range. Bill-to-tail length is described as just under 1 m, while the account also gives a rounded 1 m average.

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Little blue heron

Egretta caerulea

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Yellow-crowned night heron

Nyctanassa violacea

Habitat
Wetland, Freshwater, Ocean & coast, Forest
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Eurasian teal

Anas crecca

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

ADW includes the historical American green-winged teal population. This Eurasian teal record excludes Anas carolinensis.

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Blue-winged teal

Spatula discors

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
North America, South America

The source uses the historical name Anas discors. Mixed plant and invertebrate feeding is mapped to omnivore.

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Northern shoveler

Spatula clypeata

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, North America

The source uses the historical name Anas clypeata. Its account describes both plant material and animal prey, mapped here to omnivore.

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Eurasian wigeon

Mareca penelope

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland, Grassland
Diet
Herbivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

The source uses the historical name Anas penelope.

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Common pochard

Aythya ferina

Habitat
Freshwater, Wetland
Diet
Omnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa

Tags summarize the cited species account. Adult size uses body length, not wingspan; migration is included in region tags and introduced populations are excluded.

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Caspian tern

Hydroprogne caspia

Habitat
Ocean & coast, Freshwater
Diet
Carnivore
Size
Medium · 10 cm to under 1 m
Region
Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America

The source uses the historical name Sterna caspia.

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